Process of utilizing the nutritive properties of middlings.



I No. 826,824.

PATENTED JULY 24, 1906. S. B. APOSTOLOFF. PROCESS OF UTILIZING THE NUTRITIVB PROPERTIES OF MIDDLINGS.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 22 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 826,824. PATENTED JULY 24, 1906. S. B.-APOSTOLOFF,.

PROCESS OF UTILIZING THE NUTRITIVE PROPERTIES OI MIDDLINGS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22, 1905.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

No- 826,824. PATENTED JULY 24, 1906.

S. B. APOSTOLOFP. PROCESS OF UTILIZING THE NUTRITIVE PROPERTIES OF MIDDLINGS. APPLICATION FILED MAY 22, 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SERGE BERDITSOHEWSKY APOSTOLOFF, OF LONDON, ENGLAND. PROCESS OF UTILIZING THE NUTRITIVE PROPERTIES OF MIDDLINGS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 24, 1906.

Application filed May 22, 1905. Serial No. 261,577.

To all w/wm it may concern:

Be it known that I, SERGE BERDITSCHEW- SKY APosToLoFF, engineer, a subjedt of the King of Great Britain, residing at 28 Bush Lane, Cannon street, in the city of London, England, have invented Processes of Utilizing the Nutritive Properties of Middlings, of

which the following isa specification.

My invention relates to a process whereby the floury constituent of middlings (of Whatever grade) may be extracted and utilized in bread-making by introducing it into ing with the repeated the kneading apparatus and therein 111001- porating it with the flour for the batch instead of, as at present, allowing this valuable material to form merely a portion of a byproduct, serving as a cattle-food, the invention rendering it practicable, While dis ensindings and si tings usually required in or or to extract a high percentage of nutriment from the grain to avoid the waste which, if ordinary methods of treatment were followed, would result from employing only a single grinding.

The invention consists in a moist process of extraction whereby the entire floury constituent of the middlings (including those valuable food ingredients usually rejected along with the Waste) is separated from the bran or insoluble constituent by means of water and in utilizing the resulting solution after fermentation with yeast and straining in the kneading apparatus, the fermented solution thus serving as a means of introducing (along with the'dissolved or suspended floury element) the requisite quantity of moisture and yeast required for admixture with the ordinary flour to form the dough in breadma The process of my invention involves the following stepsv1z., dissolving out the floury constituent from the mid lings; adding yeast to the liquor and fermenting; straining the fermented liquor, so as to separate the bran or insoluble matter contained therein, and, finally, assing the strained liquor resulting from these operations to the kneadingtrough for admixture with the ordinary flour;

The operation should be carried out in a methodical and economical manner, gravity being utilized in the conveyance of the materials through the apparatus, and in What may be instanced as a typical example displaying the highest degree of economy in working the whole of the middlings produced in grin ing a given quantity of grain would I solves out, the quantity of yeast be subjected to the above-described treat ment, and the resulting liquor would be employed in the production of bread by admixture with the flour obtained in grinding said quantity of grain, so that the only by-products from the entire process resulting from bolting the whole meal produced by the grinding) would be the insoluble constituent strained out of the liquor and such scum as may rise to the surface of the liquor during such time as the latter is left standing, these two by-products being capable of being employed in the preparation of a nutritious fermented food for animals.

The proportionate quantities of water and of yeast employed relatively to one another, to the middlin s, and t0 the quantity of flour for a batch 0 bread are lar ely dependent u on the character of the middlings treated, of the flour with which the li nor is to be mixed in the formation of the dough, and of the bread to be produced, and only approximate indications of a practical nature can be here stated; but assumin the process to be fully and properly carrie out all the liquid and yeast required for admixture with the flour to form the dough will be provided by the fermented uor.

The quantity of water emp oyed for treating the middlings depends not only upon the proportion of floury constituent contained in the latter, but also on the quality of crust which the bread is to bear, the crust being thicker or thinner, harder or softer, and the bread more or less coated with crust in ace cordance with the proportion of water employed relatively to the floury constituent an also with the temperature of said water. The quantity of yeast to be employed will be dependent on the temperature of the air both to which the grain is subjected (apart from the dry bran consequently inside and outside the factory, the tem eraregulated in accordance with that of the ex ternal atmosphere as to be maintained practically constant. The quantity of yeast used must also be in proportion to the total quantity of flour introduced into the kneader, or, in other words, to the floury constituent obtained from the middlings plus the ordinary flour with which said constituent is mixed.

The time occupied in the process of treating the middlings is partly dependent upon temperature and upon the readiness with which I the floury constituent of the middling: dishic 1t 1s ture within the factory being preferab y so' rapid the action, while the greater the time available the lower may be the temperature or the less the quantity of yeast required within certain limits. In this country at ordinary atmospheric temperatures it is necessary to em loy warm water in the mlxer,"

whereas in ct climates or during the height of summer the water-supply may be at-thenatural temperature.

From the foregoing it will be obvious'that the best results can be' obtained =only bythe exercise of skill and observation; and-the above are only intended to serve as general paratus comprising a battery t directions to be observed in carrying out'the process.

With'materials of good average quality and under ordinary conditions of -working the: proportion of middlings to water in' the mixershould be about nine to one hundred and the temperature'about 86 Fahrenheit.

The mixture of middlings and-water may remain in the mixer from four to twelve hours, yeas't being added from two to fourhours before-theliquor isto be run' off in the pro portion of from about three-quarters of a pound to one pound of yeast per sack of flour used in the kneading machine or trough.

' The apparatus forcarrying out the process comprises a mixing vessel for the water andmiddlings provided with hotand cold water supply, a stirring device and -means for runningoff the contents to 'thestrainer, -'a 'bolter or strainingapparatus, towhich the contents of the mixer are delivered afterfermentation, a tank to receive'the'li uor discharged'from said strainer-before its de ivery to the kneader, and preferably a vessel or'vessels for the reception of the bran: or insoluble oonstituent separated from-the liquorby the strainer and of'the 'scum produced inand removed from the mixer.

In the accompanying drawings-Figured is aside elevation'-,'-partly in section; ofan' apwith the accompanying bo ing or straining machme-and solution tank wherein the =stra1ned'hquor is received preparatory to being delivered to' the-kneading -maohine-' or trough, "such" an" installationbeing adapted for continuous working. Fig. 2 is a-part side elevation of thesolution-tan'k rojected on a plane at right angles to that of ig. 1. Fig. 3

1s a longitudinal section, Fig. 14 amend-"elevation,- and Fig. 5a plan *Vi'eW, of the bolting 0r straining machine.

' Similar letters of 'referenceindicate like parts in all thefigures.

Each mixer consists of an: upright bylindrical vessel A A", or A of suitable capac- 'ity and provided with aseo ofstirring-arms B, mounted on a shaft 6, which is ==j*ournaled 1n bearings c c ,-coaxial with the cylindrical of three mixers,

vessel. The shaft b carries at its upper end a" bevel-Wheel 0-, whereby rotary-motion is transmitted to the shaft as required from a horizontal overheaddriving-shaft C, which may be revolved continuously, the wheel 0 meshing with a inion d, which is loose on the shaft C, but which may be ut into gear therewith by means of a clutch splined on shaft C and controlled by a handle (1, as indicated. Preferably the mixers A A A (which are of'the same-ca ao'ity) areso arranged that the same'sha t G'may" serveto drivethe stirring-gear of each.

E represents'chutes for delivering the middlings to the respective mixersfrom a-'hop eing supplied toeach mixer thro'ughpi es F and G, respectively,undei thecontro of stop-valves f'and g.- -Each mixer is= pro added with awaste-pipe H,"controlled by a stop-valve h, and with a"dischargeoutlet'for the liquor controlled by a stop-valve j, the delivery-pipes J J J from the-outlets of the respective mixers being'conn'ected to acummon ipe J, wherebythe liquor maybe-conveye to the bo'lteror straining apparatus. This latter comprises two inclined sieves K K mounted the'one directly-above the other in a frame k which is caused to'reciprooate rapidly in guides k by means of amultiple tappet-wheel L; fast one shaft l, which is ro- =tated* at a suitables eed,'*the"teeth=- or tappets of the Wheel stri ing-a'stop or abutment lc on'the frame so as to move the l'atter in opposition to a'spring or springs L.

Y The liquor'from themixer isdelivered-to the upper end of the top sieve K" by means of a spreader on the end of=the pipe J; this de- '-vice consisting of a length of pipe M extending transversely of thesieveand having a longitudinal slit whereby-"the liquor is*enabledto pass onto an inclined blade m,'which insures'the discharge of athin film" ofghquor across the entire width ofthesieve. The upper and 'lower sieves- K K have p'referably about forty and fifty meshes to -the lineal inch, respectively, so thafnany bran or insoluble matter that may pass through the upper sieve K will be arrested'by'thelower sieve K allthe refuse thusretained bythe sieves descending over their surfaces and falling from their lower ends into arejceptacle N,- while= the strained liquor; which has passed through both=sieves,-falls' into a reversely-inclined chute O, whence it: flows by way of "a pipe 0' to thestorage-tanii P. This --tank consists of'an' upright cylindrical vessel substantially similar inconstruction to the "mixers and-equalin capacity toeach of'the latter. It is provided withstirring-arms Q, mounted on an axial shaft 9 and-rotated overhead shaft Sunderthe control of clutch mechanism T. The tank B has a waste- -pipe U,'controlled by astop-valve ugwhile per at a higher level, cbld and zwarrn water IIS when required by bevel gearing R from an I it is conveyed to a the liquor is discharged under the control of a stop-valve v by means of a pipe V, whereby point inconvenient proximity to the kneading machine or trough, (represented at W.) terminates in a flexible hose w, provided with a suitable nozzle, so that the liquor may be sprayed over the flour in the kneading-machine during the preliminary portion of the kneading operation. The operation is conducted as follows: The quantity of water required for a batch is introduced into the mixer, the temperature being adjusted by regulating the proportions of cold and hot water supplied through the valves f and g. The middlings are thereupon mixed with the water, the mixture being allowed to stand until the floury constituent of the middlings has become thoroughly soaked and dissolved. At the proper time in advance of the predetermined moment when the contents of the mixer are to be run out the requisite quantity of yeast is introduced. As fermentation proceeds the contents of the mixer swell and may at times threaten to overflow the vessel, in which case it is necessary to set the stirring-gear in motion, so as to break up-the mass and permit the escape of the accumulated gases. When the fermented contents of the mixer are to be run off, the valve 7' is opened and the stirring-gear is thrown into action, so as to insure the entire contents passing out through the pipe J, with the exception of any scum, which, remaining on the surface, is left in the mixer and afterward removed when the vessel is washed. The strainer K must be set in motion in readiness to deal with the contents of the mixer, which by it are separated into the strained fermented liquor and the bran or insoluble constituent, the former passing into the tank P, while the latter falls into the receptacle N. The liquor in the tank Pis readyfor use in the Preferably the pipe V kneading apparatus W whenever re uired; but it is advisable before discharging t e liquor to set the stirring-arms Qin motion, so as to insure every portion of the liquor being of uniform character.

Assuming a plant to be provided capable of working continuously, so as to produce, say, three batches of bread in the course of twenty-four hours, then with three mixers A A A as indicated in Fig. 1, the first, A,

being charged at midnight in readinessfor being emptied the following midnight, the second, A will require to be charged at eight a. m., and the third at four p. m., the yeast being added, say, four hours before each mixer is emptied.

Absolute cleanliness is essentiaLsince unless the' entire apparatus is washed thor' oughly after each charge has been dealt with 'acid fermentation will be set up and the next charge consequently spoiled.

1. The herein-described improvement in the manufacture of bread which consists in dissolving out the soluble portion of middlings by'means of water, fermenting the solution by the addition of yeast, and then, after straining, passing the liquor into the kneader and using it in admixture with flour to make dough, substantially as described.

2. The herein-described rocess'of making I bread from middlings and our, consisting in treating the middlings with water, adding a ferment and subjecting the solution to agitation during the fermentation, straining the solution, subjecting the solution to agitation and spraying the solution on the flour during the process of kneading.

/ SERGE BERDITSCHEWSKY APOSTOLOFF.

: Witnesses:

E. A. LINETz, H. BASELEY 

